【初中英语语法专题讲解初中语法定语从句】在初中英语学习中,定语从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点。它不仅能够帮助我们更准确地表达意思,还能让句子更加丰富和有逻辑性。掌握好定语从句的用法,对于提高英语阅读理解能力和写作水平都有很大帮助。
一、什么是定语从句?
定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用的从句,用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词称为“先行词”,而引导这个从句的词称为“关系词”(如:that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why 等)。
例如:
- The book that is on the table is mine.
(那本放在桌子上的书是我的。)
在这个句子中,“that is on the table”就是一个定语从句,用来修饰“the book”。
二、定语从句的结构
定语从句的基本结构是:先行词 + 关系词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分
- 先行词:被修饰的名词或代词。
- 关系词:连接主句和从句,并在从句中充当一定成分(如主语、宾语、定语等)。
三、常见关系词及其用法
| 关系词 | 用法说明 | 举例 |
|--------|----------|------|
| that | 指人或物,作主语或宾语 | The man that is talking to Mary is my teacher. |
| which| 指物,作主语或宾语 | The car which is red is very fast. |
| who| 指人,作主语 | The girl who is wearing a blue dress is my sister. |
| whom | 指人,作宾语 | The boy whom you met yesterday is my classmate. |
| whose| 表示所属关系,指人或物 | The student whose father is a doctor is very smart. |
| when | 指时间,作状语 | I remember the day when we first met. |
| where| 指地点,作状语 | This is the house where I was born. |
| why| 指原因,作状语 | That’s the reason why he left early. |
四、定语从句的注意事项
1. 关系词不能省略的情况:
- 当关系词在从句中作宾语时,有时可以省略,但若在句首则不能省略。
- The man (that) I saw yesterday is my uncle.(可省略)
- That is the man I saw yesterday.(不可省略)
2. 注意“that”与“which”的区别:
- “that”可以指人也可以指物,通常用于限制性定语从句。
- “which”只能指物,通常用于非限制性定语从句,前面常有逗号隔开。
3. 关系词的选择要根据先行词和从句中的成分来判断。
五、练习题(巩固知识)
1. The girl ______ is standing there is my best friend.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. whom
2. This is the house ______ I was born.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. that
3. The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting.
A. that
B. who
C. which
D. whose
答案:
1. A
2. A
3. A
通过不断练习和积累,同学们完全可以掌握定语从句的使用方法。希望这篇讲解能帮助大家更好地理解和运用这一重要的英语语法点。